{"id":176,"date":"2017-08-15T15:27:40","date_gmt":"2017-08-15T15:27:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/?p=176"},"modified":"2021-09-19T07:50:41","modified_gmt":"2021-09-19T12:50:41","slug":"make-your-own-four-electrode-probe-for-soil-mapping","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/equipment\/landmapper\/make-your-own-four-electrode-probe-for-soil-mapping\/","title":{"rendered":"Make your own four-electrode probe for soil mapping"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-176\" class=\"panel-layout\">\n<div id=\"pg-176-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\">\n<div id=\"pgc-176-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\" data-weight=\"1\">\n<div id=\"panel-176-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-177\" src=\"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/4-probe-collapsed_thumb-300x137.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"392\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/4-probe-collapsed_thumb-300x137.jpg 300w, http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/4-probe-collapsed_thumb.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/> <strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00be\u201d PVC pipe, one section of 10\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>2 T-shaped PVC pipe connectors fitting \u00be\u201d pipe from all three ends.<\/li>\n<li>2 \u00be\u201d PVC cups (optional).<\/li>\n<li>#18 AWG isolated stranded wires, red and black, 15\u2019 each.<\/li>\n<li>1\u201dx2\u201d Velcro strip (optional).<\/li>\n<li>3 #6 1.5\u201d screws for wood (optional).<\/li>\n<li>4-electrode probe kit (available from Landviser, LLC) including:<\/li>\n<li>4 stainless steel electrodes (sharpened d= \u00bc\u201d L=6\u201d bolts)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a08 stainless steel \u00bc\u201d nuts for connecting electrodes with the wires<\/li>\n<li>\u00a04 nylon isolated terminals for 18\u201d AWG wire with 5\/16\u201d opening<\/li>\n<li>\u00a04 banana plugs (2 black, 2 red) for connecting with LandMapper terminals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tools:<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-178 \" src=\"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/DSCN0011_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"148\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wirecutter<\/li>\n<li>PVC pipe cutter<\/li>\n<li>Wire stripper<\/li>\n<li>Wire crimper<\/li>\n<li>Electric drill<\/li>\n<li>Rubber mallet (optional)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Procedure (example for Wenner probe configuration):<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/VES_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"106\" \/><\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose the inter-electrode distance\u00a0<b>a.<\/b> Calculate the length<\/li>\n<li>h of one shoulder of the 4-electrode probe: L1=3*<b>a<\/b>\/2+1 \u00bc \u201d (for example if\u00a0<b>a<\/b>=10\u201d then L1=16 \u00bc \u201d) . Increasing\u00a0<strong>a<\/strong>-lengths allow measuring increasing volume of topsoil.<\/li>\n<li>Cut 2 shoulders from the PVC pipe each L1 long (16.5\u201d in our example). Cut 3.5\u2019 pipe for the handle.<\/li>\n<li>Connect 2 L1 shoulders in the T-fitting to form a straight line. Use a rubber mallet to force tubes all the way into the T-connection. Mark locations of A and B electrodes at each end of the probe 2\u201d from the shoulder\u2019s end. Mark the locations of M and N electrodes each at<b>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b>inches<b>\u00a0<\/b>from A and B (<b>10\u201d<\/b>\u00a0in our example).<\/li>\n<li>Drill \u00bc\u201d holes through the pipe at each electrode mark (try to keep the drill bit perpendicular to the tube).<\/li>\n<li>Drill holes for the wires on one side of the pipe only approximately 1 inch from each electrode.<\/li>\n<li>Cut 4 pieces of wire (2 black and 2 red):\n<ul>\n<li>red for A or B &#8212; L2=a+a\/2+4.5\u2019 long (19.5\u201d in our example)<\/li>\n<li>black for M or N &#8212; L3=a\/2+4.5\u2019 long (19.5\u201d in our example)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Put the wires through the one-sided wire holes (red for AB, black for MN) and lead them through the pipe out of the top opening in the T-connector.<\/li>\n<li>Strip \u00bc\u201d at the end of the each wire in the wire holes and crimp ring terminals to the wire ends.<\/li>\n<li>Insert electrodes through the corresponding electrode holes and secure them to the pipe with nuts. Put ring terminals over the electrodes and secure them with another nut so the ring terminal is positioned between the nuts.<\/li>\n<li>Optional: Fit 2 cups at the end of each probe shoulder (near A and B electrodes).<\/li>\n<li>Strip \u00bc\u201d at the end of each wire and connect appropriate color-coded banana plugs to the wires as described on the banana plugs package.<\/li>\n<li>Thread the wires with banana plugs through the PVC pipe handle. Insert the handle all the way into the top opening of the T-connector. You may want to use a mullet to force the handle into the fitting, but it may make the handle difficult to disassemble.<\/li>\n<li>Optional: Drill small holes through the T-connector connecting the handle with the probe. Using three #6 1.5\u201d wood screws secure the pipes to the T-fitting (see figure).<\/li>\n<li>At the other side of the handle, run the wires with banana plugs through the shoulders of another T-connector and mount it on the top of the handle.<\/li>\n<li>Optional: attach Velcro strips to the back of the LandMapper and to the top of the handle\u2019s T-connector and snap the unit to the probe.<\/li>\n<li>Calculate the K coefficient for the new probe and enter it in the device memory. (see next page).<\/li>\n<li>Connect red AB banana plugs with AB socket and black MN banana plugs with MN socket. The device is ready for measuring electrical resistivity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0you can make smaller 4-electrode probe for soil pit measurements by using 1\/2\u201d PVC pipe \/ T-connectors and stainless steel bolts. Smaller bolts do not need sharpening as they will penetrate wall of sail pit very easy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Materials: \u00be\u201d PVC pipe, one section of 10\u2019. 2 T-shaped PVC pipe connectors fitting \u00be\u201d pipe from all three ends. 2 \u00be\u201d PVC cups (optional). #18 AWG isolated stranded wires, red and black, 15\u2019 each. 1\u201dx2\u201d Velcro strip (optional). 3 #6 1.5\u201d screws for wood (optional). 4-electrode probe kit (available from Landviser, LLC) including: 4 stainless steel electrodes (sharpened d= \u00bc\u201d L=6\u201d bolts) \u00a08 stainless steel \u00bc\u201d nuts for connecting electrodes with the wires \u00a04&hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/equipment\/landmapper\/make-your-own-four-electrode-probe-for-soil-mapping\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">about Make your own four-electrode probe for soil mapping<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5526,"parent":1373,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-176","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5625,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/176\/revisions\/5625"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/landviser.biz\/dotcomsandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}